How naive scrapers double-count and how Convexity solves it.
Institutional private funds and venture rounds almost never file through a single legal entity. A standard $50M capital raise commonly files separate Form D submissions for a Delaware Master Fund, a Cayman Offshore Feeder, and an Onshore Qualified Purchaser Feeder.
Naive scrapers sum the filings, reporting $110M in private fundraising where only $50M of capital was created. Convexity parses Item 2 (Principal Place of Business), Item 3 (Related Persons), and Item 13 (Offering Amounts) to identify feeder conduits and parallel vehicles, folding duplicate capital into a singular economic event.
When entity filings share beneficial managers, identical filing dates, and interrelated offering schedules, the master vehicle is established as primary and conduit feeder forms are tagged as folded allocations.